For example, Aristotle says that "…the lovers of what is noble find pleasant the things that are by nature pleasant; and virtuous actions are such, so that these are pleasant…, essay on aristotle. Aristotle asserts that happiness is self-sufficient and final. His views on civic relationships have been extensive, considering they highlight different issues such as happiness, virtues, deliberation, justice, friendship and other related issues. The study of emotions has attracted the attention of many philosophers and scholars in various fields. The man who performs the activity that displays the greatest excellence characteristic essay on aristotle a human being achieves the greatest happiness. Friends would hereby be included in the first category of Aristotle's friendships, the friendship of utility: one develops friendships with fellow colleagues in order to ensure that these friends develop and, more importantly, communicate, a positive image of the individual in the organization. Aristotle believed that everything in life serves a purpose "telos" as he essay on aristotle it and distinguished "efficient" causes from "final" causes.
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Aristotle and Tragedy To Aristotle, tragedy had to follow certain characteristics. These included certain rendering of protagonist, the style of the writing, the direction of the plot, the diction, essay on aristotle, the reflection, the context, and the melody. Each and everything had its own nuances and meaning and the ideal Tragedy would be written in such a way that the reader or spectator would find the protagonist similar to himself and pity him all the more. eeing the protagonist as a naive person whose misfortune came about through error rather than through essay on aristotle, the reader may identify with himself and see the same situation occurring to him. This purging of fear will cause a catharsis that will balance the emotions and leave the person with a greater emotional well-being than he had before.
It is in this manner, that Aristotle considered Tragedy to be a greater tool than history since it dramatizes…. Sources Aristotle. Translated by S. The Internet Classics Archive. html McManus, BF. Aristotle and a Great Workplace APA Citation Aristotle and a Great Workplace From the beginning of its evolution, human beings have been searching for the meaning of happiness. While many may seem this to be an inconsequential questions, essay on aristotle have devoted entire lives to the search for happiness.
One such person who devoted a great deal of thought to the question of man's happiness was the famous ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle, essay on aristotle. His views on ethics, essay on aristotle, virtue, and happiness not only can be applied to the individual life, or the actions of the state, but in the modern world can be also applied to the workplace. Civic relationships and civic friendships can be the basis of the creation of a great workplace where managers maintain personal relationships with their employees, the employees then feel valued and increase their productivity, and the business as a whole can prosper and flourish. In his….
References Aristotle. The Nichomachean Ethics. htm Buzachero, Vic. hile the judges can be considered responsible for hamartia, Socrates himself is also accountable for hamartia when considering that he plays an important essay on aristotle in influencing the judges in wanting to put him to death. He actually has a choice, but he is reluctant to adopt an attitude that would induce feelings related to mercy, essay on aristotle. Ethos is also a dominant concept across Socrates' discourse, as he apparently believed that by influencing the audience to think about how they perceive goodness he would open people's eyes and influence them in seeing that he was actually innocent. Socrates basically felt that people needed to think about themselves and on how they understand the difference between right and wrong in order to be able to learn more about his personality.
He practically believed that by adopting this attitude he would influence the masses in feeling that it would be extremely wrong for them…. Works cited: Aristotle, "The Poetics," Kessinger Publishing, Plato, "Apology," United Holdings Group. It is therefore important to understand first off Aristotle's thoughts on human nature in order to understand his opinions on ethics and virtue. Essay on aristotle human beings are social beings is something familiar to us nowadays as it was in Aristotle's time. Consequently, ethics and virtue were part of human nature and so every living being was supposed to live by what is righteous. This is another characteristic separating us from animals. Thus, humans being sociable persons and living within a society, politics also had to implement rules and regulations that would help people.
But it didn't necessarily mean that a man who did right things and lived by the rules was essentially virtuous because he was in fact constraint to do so. Therefore, to Aristotle, someone who did right things because of the wrong reasons was not at all virtuous. The virtuousness only applied if that person acted because of…. Aristotle thought happiness was longer in coming, essay on aristotle, it was the manner of being actualized and fulfilling one's true potential using their own individual gifts: Again, if the virtues are concerned with actions and passions, and every passion and every action is accompanied by pleasure and pain, for this reason also virtue will be concerned with pleasures and pains.
This is indicated also by the fact that punishment is indicated by these means; for it is a kind of cure, and it is the nature of cures to be effected by contraries Aristotle, III. Humans, essay on aristotle, therefore, also exist in the macro sense as being agents of morality through their individual actions. but, human behavior being what it is, morality is only one of the facets of human's essay on aristotle towards happiness. The wider notion of human agency presumably includes, besides actions and choices, emotional dispositions, non-moral or 'prudential' forms of practical reasons,…. Society for Human Resource Management. pdf Akril, J, essay on aristotle. Essays on Plato and Aristotle. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nicomachean Ethics. New York: NuVision. Aristotle was one of the philosophers who spent a great deal of their time in defining and explaining ethics since he believed that ethics was a science whose practicality was crucial to mankind. In this paper, we shall discuss the ideas of Aristotle pertaining to the civic relationships including the virtues, happiness, justice, deliberation and friendship. In the second part of the paper, we shall also discuss how these ideas are being applied to the workplaces that are considered to be among the best ones. Civic Friendship and Justice -- ideas and arguments of Aristotle The framework of friendship that was drawn out by Aristotle demonstrates a relationship between personal and civic friendship.
Aristotle claimed that in order to have a good life, it is not only important for a person to have intimate relationships at the personal level, but it is also important for that person to have civic…. Bibliography: Cooper, J Ferguson, John New York: Twayne Publishers. Frede, essay on aristotle, Michael. Essays in Ancient Philosophy. Galston, Miriam Aristotle and Aquinas Law and Justice Aristotle and Aquinas disagreed on law and justice as Aristotle held that justice was inherent to the individual in terms of a sense of reasoning or inner knowing of that, which was right and wrong. Aristotle had the belief that law should be grounded in a natural divine order of some type and that this cosmic order is that which vested law with a binding authority.
Aristotle additionally believed as did Plato that law's function at its core was to provide compensation for the judgment of men, which is at best erratic and differentiated from one man or culture to another man or culture. In one example provided by Aristotle in which he drew upon Plato's 'Socrates' Aristotle noted the passions of people and their randomness which however, essay on aristotle be, by reason, brought together and focused toward a higher purpose. Aristotle's view of political…. Aristotle's Poetics Elements of Tragedy According to Aristotle, tragedy needs to be an imitation of life according to the law of probability or necessity. Tragedy is serious, complete, and has magnitude.
It must have a beginning, middle, and end and be spoken in language that is fit for noble characters. Furthermore it must be acted, as opposed to epic essay on aristotle, which essay on aristotle narrated. Tragedy shows rather than tells. Finally it must result in the purging of pity and fear, or a catharsis. Tragedy is based in the fundamental order of the universe, it creates a cause-and-effect chain that clearly reveals what may happen at any time or place because that is the way the world operates. Tragedy arouses not only pity but also fear, because the audience can envision themselves within this cause-and-effect chain. Tragedy as a whole is composed of six elements: plot, essay on aristotle, character, language, thought, spectacle and melody.
Works Cited Euripides. A, 2nd edition. Satah Lawall and Maynard Mack. New York: W. Aristotle is inclined to view human interaction as something which incites one to desire the happiness of his relational partner as the chief end of the relationship. This is a point which is absolutely essential to the conception of goodness which Aristotle holds as most valuable. Essay on aristotle identifies a self-love, as it were, as one of the most important elements in forging a meaningful and positive relationship to the world. An individual thus inclined, and prone there to by his own virtue, goodness, self-sufficiency and constancy, will desire no gain for himself from the lot of another man. Defining his own virtues as those by which he may further his own ends, he is then free to pursue life and relationships unencumbered by the vulnerability to develop envy, to harbor resentment or to harvest exploitation.
The mutuality of these qualities, essay on aristotle, rather than an imbalance which can be particularly injurious to…. Works Cited Alighieri, Dante. etext, Dante's Inferno: The Divine Comedy. txt Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, essay on aristotle by W. Online at. In conclusion, in Aristotle's account, essay on aristotle, some ends may be worth choosing for their own sakes and for the sake of happiness. Friends, honor, pleasure, and moral virtue may be worth choosing for two reasons: for their intrinsic value and for their contribution to happiness. Aristotle's ethics is eudaimonistic, meaning that every action is ultimately to be justified by reference to the person's own happiness. For Aristotle, anything that fulfills its essential function is one that performs well.
He believes that the nature of a thing is the measure in terms of which we judge whether or not it is functioning well, essay on aristotle. In Aristotle's opinion, things are good when they achieve their specific ends. According to Aristotle, there is an end of all of the actions that we perform which we desire for the sake of itself. This is what he refers to as eudaimonia, which is desired for its own…, essay on aristotle. Bibliography Johnston, Ian. November 18, Lecture on Aristotle's Nicomachaean Ethics. Public Domain. Lear, Gabriel. Happy Lives and the Highest Good: An Essay on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, essay on aristotle.
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Aristotle was one of the philosophers who spent a great deal of their time in defining and explaining ethics since he believed that ethics was a science whose practicality was crucial to mankind. In this paper, we shall discuss the ideas of Aristotle pertaining to the civic relationships including the virtues, happiness, justice, deliberation and friendship. In the second part of the paper, we shall also discuss how these ideas are being applied to the workplaces that are considered to be among the best ones. Civic Friendship and Justice -- ideas and arguments of Aristotle The framework of friendship that was drawn out by Aristotle demonstrates a relationship between personal and civic friendship. Aristotle claimed that in order to have a good life, it is not only important for a person to have intimate relationships at the personal level, but it is also important for that person to have civic….
Bibliography: Cooper, J Ferguson, John New York: Twayne Publishers. Frede, Michael. Essays in Ancient Philosophy. Galston, Miriam Aristotle and Aquinas Law and Justice Aristotle and Aquinas disagreed on law and justice as Aristotle held that justice was inherent to the individual in terms of a sense of reasoning or inner knowing of that, which was right and wrong. Aristotle had the belief that law should be grounded in a natural divine order of some type and that this cosmic order is that which vested law with a binding authority. Aristotle additionally believed as did Plato that law's function at its core was to provide compensation for the judgment of men, which is at best erratic and differentiated from one man or culture to another man or culture.
In one example provided by Aristotle in which he drew upon Plato's 'Socrates' Aristotle noted the passions of people and their randomness which however, can be, by reason, brought together and focused toward a higher purpose. Aristotle's view of political…. Aristotle's Poetics Elements of Tragedy According to Aristotle, tragedy needs to be an imitation of life according to the law of probability or necessity. Tragedy is serious, complete, and has magnitude. It must have a beginning, middle, and end and be spoken in language that is fit for noble characters.
Furthermore it must be acted, as opposed to epic poetry, which is narrated. Tragedy shows rather than tells. Finally it must result in the purging of pity and fear, or a catharsis. Tragedy is based in the fundamental order of the universe, it creates a cause-and-effect chain that clearly reveals what may happen at any time or place because that is the way the world operates. Tragedy arouses not only pity but also fear, because the audience can envision themselves within this cause-and-effect chain. Tragedy as a whole is composed of six elements: plot, character, language, thought, spectacle and melody. Works Cited Euripides.
A, 2nd edition. Satah Lawall and Maynard Mack. New York: W. Aristotle is inclined to view human interaction as something which incites one to desire the happiness of his relational partner as the chief end of the relationship. This is a point which is absolutely essential to the conception of goodness which Aristotle holds as most valuable. He identifies a self-love, as it were, as one of the most important elements in forging a meaningful and positive relationship to the world. An individual thus inclined, and prone there to by his own virtue, goodness, self-sufficiency and constancy, will desire no gain for himself from the lot of another man.
Defining his own virtues as those by which he may further his own ends, he is then free to pursue life and relationships unencumbered by the vulnerability to develop envy, to harbor resentment or to harvest exploitation. The mutuality of these qualities, rather than an imbalance which can be particularly injurious to…. Works Cited Alighieri, Dante. etext, Dante's Inferno: The Divine Comedy. txt Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, translated by W. Online at. In conclusion, in Aristotle's account, some ends may be worth choosing for their own sakes and for the sake of happiness. Friends, honor, pleasure, and moral virtue may be worth choosing for two reasons: for their intrinsic value and for their contribution to happiness. Aristotle's ethics is eudaimonistic, meaning that every action is ultimately to be justified by reference to the person's own happiness.
For Aristotle, anything that fulfills its essential function is one that performs well. He believes that the nature of a thing is the measure in terms of which we judge whether or not it is functioning well. In Aristotle's opinion, things are good when they achieve their specific ends. According to Aristotle, there is an end of all of the actions that we perform which we desire for the sake of itself. This is what he refers to as eudaimonia, which is desired for its own…. Bibliography Johnston, Ian. November 18, Lecture on Aristotle's Nicomachaean Ethics. Public Domain. Lear, Gabriel. Happy Lives and the Highest Good: An Essay on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. Princeton University Press.
oth of these are thus translated through Aristotle's health component in his enumeration of elements that could make a person happy. One's health will be affected if the toilets at work are dirty, as well as if the working conditions do not ensure the physical security of the individual. This means that when applying for a job, the individual will look first of all at these elements before deciding whether the respective position may have some of the other elements Aristotle mentions in order for him to be a happy employee. Many of the other components of Aristotle's enumeration of what happiness is about belong to the fourth and fifth levels in Maslow's pyramid of needs. Most notably, these are related to the capacity of the respective office or workplace to offer the individual the ability to exercise his intellectual and moral skills and to be recognized by his fellow….
Bibliography 1. Translated by W. Last retrieved on October 5, Aristotle's Politics According to Aristotle, the basic principle of democracy freedom. Democracy is a political system where in there is an establishment of a partnership amid the demos or the common people which in turn makes out how would the power be distributed and authority be delegated within a city. Thus, democracy, by Aristotle, is a type of freedom. This freedom has two aspects according to Aristotle, the first "being ruled and ruling in turn," while the other aspect involves the freedom of the citizens to live as they please. The first aspect is regarded as "law. In this paper, we are going to argue that both these types of freedom or liberties as explained by Aristotle are essential for a true democracy and that without….
Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke Aristotle, Locke, Hobbes and the U. Constitution and Declaration of Independence It has been said that authors such as Aristotle, Locke and Hobbes greatly influenced the "Founding Fathers" of the United States Constitution. The purpose of this paper is to explore the writings of these authors as well as review the Declaration of Independence and the U. Constitution and to form an opinion as to whether or not it is believable that the above statement is correct. Aristotle, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke have long been considered as Political Science writers. Aristotle's works were recorded as being around The insight which they show evidence of gives a clear picture that long has man contemplated freedom and written eloquently of liberty.
Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence was signed July 4,…. Bibliography The Declaration of Independence Retrieved from the Internet 14 Aug www. org Aristotle "Politics" Book One B. Retrieved from the Internet 14 Aug Aristotle's Theory of Change In his Theory of Change, Aristotle attempts to explore the nature of how ad why things evolve, or change in form from one object or concept to another. One of the greatest wonders of man, which is still even debates today, is he process of how things evolve to be. Well, Aristotle presented his Theory of Change to account for how and why objects develop into varying forms.
This theory then posits the idea that matter is the main fundamental component of change. In many cases, when an object changes, it is the matter that changes, and not the more abstract form hat embodies that matter. In this idea, objects evolve from what was previously non-existent. The objects themselves do not appear from nowhere, but rather that they are morphed in their physical form from another form. For example, a pencil comes non-pencilness, which is…. Aristotle: The Relationship etween Slavery and Political Government and Constitution Aristotle C was a Greek philosopher as well as a scientist and social thinker. He is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the ancient world and his views on political theory still have influence today.
Central to all his philosophical thinking is the idea of reason and rationality. Aristotle's view that reason was the primary and most important aspect of human nature has important implications for his theory of the political constitution of society, and particularly for his justification of slavery. His thinking was based on the belief that the constitution and ordering of society as a political body should be based on the principle of reason and order that was to be found in nature. Aristotle conducts his philosophical inquiries based on the presuppositions that the universe is a rational and ordered whole in which each…. Bibliography Aristotle: Politics. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accessed November 6, htm Slavery Bullen, P. The Epitome of Aristotle's Political Theory.
html ClassicNote on Aristotle's Politics. Accessed November 5, For some it may indeed be the contemplation of how to achieve greater virtue, greater intelligence or more knowledge. For others, however, such happiness lies in things such as money. Indeed, I believe that all the faculties can be engaged in the pursuit of money. A person in pursuit of money may for example engage his reasoning by contemplating how more money can be accumulated. He may furthermore exercise his sense of virtue or friendship by means of contemplating how he can help others by the profit he has made, or how to teach others to make their own money. Money can also be applied in enhancing all the capacities of the person. In this way, whatever is pursued, according to Aristotle, if it is pursued in a certain way, for its connection to the ultimate goal of happiness, all of the faculties are exercised.
On the other hand, I…. Aristotle At the very beginning of ook I Chapter XIII, Aristotle states that "happiness is a certain activity of soul in conformity with perfect virtue" Ethics a. What he means here, quite simply, is that true happiness can only be defined as the state that is achieved in a perfectly virtuous person; it cannot be defined any other way -- not by pleasure, or bestowed honor, or wealth, or any other illusion. This paper will explore the reasoning behind this belief. The generality of men," Aristotle states, "identify the Good [or Happiness] with pleasure, and accordingly are content with the Life of Enjoyment" Ethics b. He explains later particularly in ook X what is incomplete about the "Life of Enjoyment," but the gist of his argument is quite clear, almost obvious, to us today: Happiness, we feel, is something Human, something that other animals will never achieve because it is….
Bibliography Aristotle. Nichomachean Ethics. Cambridge: Harvard UP, Perseus Digital Library. Tufts U. And surely there is some horrible person who has committed countless violent and despicable acts and we need to punish him or her for doing so. The first model presented her takes this view of capital punishment. However, if evaluating capital punishment from the second model, and that is that a living being is killed, there is justification. In the first model, which is inaccurate in making the assumption that capital punishment is ethical, false notions are applied to the model. There are no guarantees that killing equal will prevent further killing.
If considering the causality according to the four forms of teleology the logic of capital punishment is completely backwards, completely lacking, and all arguments in favor of capital punishment are based upon notions that we impose, but that do not actually exist in nature. Rather, capital punishment must be understood for what it really is, and that is…. Works Cited "Aristotle BCE : General Introduction. Falcon, Andrea. Aristotle's Politics is a discourse, which attempts to define the purpose and nature of the political state and politics.
Thus, it is perhaps one of the world's most ancient texts on political science, as it is a study of the social arrangements necessary to achieve peace and justice within a given society. In fact, Aristotle begins his treatise by stating that the city is essentially a product of politics, as it has developed to fulfill human need for self-sufficiency. Since this entails interdependence, a political partnership is formed, which aims at the common good. Aristotle goes on to explain that achieving the common good involves both the state and the individual citizen working towards living a virtuous life.
He believed that this was possible to achieve given the human power of reason and desire for "living well. Aristotle wrote the Poetics as a work of literary criticism. He reviewed and analyzed many plays written in his time. his essay discusses the features of Greek tragedy in the context of those Poetics and how these features are manifested in Sophocles' Oedipus. Greek tragedy has all the elements of drama presented by Aristotle in his Poetics. hese elements are reversal, discovery and calamity. Further, according to Aristotle the divisions of tragedy are the prologue, episode, exode, and choral song. Poetics b. Oedipus, a tragedy written by Sophocles, embodies each of these characteristics and provides a clear example of tragedy, as framed by Aristotle.
Laius, the father of Oedipus, fearing that the words of the oracle would come true, abandons his son to die. Oedipus, saved and raised by another, listens to yet another oracle and discovers the terrible truth of his fate, which is, of course, to kill his…. The Greeks acted out these stories with great emphasis on the emotional. They used huge masks to illustrate their thoughts and feelings. The chorus, a group that sang the tale like a common day narrator, followed the characters as the Gods might. The play was a spectacle of grand proportion and design. Aristotle used this and other plays to illustrate his concepts of tragedy and the parts of the whole that made it so. Aristotle used the play to show how things can happen.
One's fortune is reversed by his perception, and his ignorance transformed into knowledge at the tragic end of the tale. Aristotle the Philosopher. Contributors J. Ackrill - author. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: Oxford, UK. Publication Year: classics, upenn. This mean essentially, that the manifestation of virtue is in action. Therefore, maintaining balance, practicing stable equilibrium of the soul can lead to happiness. This stable equilibrium can be seen as character. Therefore, under this interpretation, I agree with Aristotle that in order to achieve happiness, one must maintain balance and practice temperance.
This essay will highlight through real world examples what this balance and temperance is. Virtue according to Aristotle is a mean. The mean is a way of understanding and judging what is truly painful or pleasant. C work. The philosopher is believed, far and wide, to be more empirically minded than Plato, his teacher. The chapter attempts at logically ascertaining the answer to the question of what is real, in the end, outlining the defining traits of ultimate reals or substances p. Moral Choices In essence, Aristotle has largely been associated with virtue ethics.
To a large extent, this is a character-based approach founded on the assumption that it is through practice that we acquire virtue Mizzoni, It therefore follows that one could further reinforce a character that is moral and honorable by, for instance, practicing generosity, justice, as well as honesty. The notion that Aristotle, thus, promotes is that habits that are virtuous ought to be honed. This is what promotes the ability of a person to make good decisions when confronted by an ethical challenge. Thus the basis of our decisions should be the advancement of happiness for the greatest number of people. This is, according to Boone , is essentially a utilitarian perspective.
Sophocles Oedipus Rex as the Epitome of a Tragic HeroThesisSophocles Oedipus Rex is the epitome of a tragic hero because he perfectly fits the formula for a tragic hero as set out by Aristotlethat is, he meets each of the four requirements of a tragic hero: he must be better than the average man; he must have manly valor; he must be believable and authentic; and he must have a consistent character. Oedipus Rex as a tragic heroa. The requirements of the tragic hero according to Aristotles definitionb. Sophocles Oedipus matches that definition perfectlyc. First Requirementa. Be betterb. Oedipus is greathe is king and is lovedc. He wants to do what is right to save the Thebans, which means he must find the murderer of the former king and bring him to justiceIII. Second Requirementa.
Have manly valorb. Oedipus does not shy away from a challengethat is how he…. Certainly, rhetoric lends itself to the discovery of truth, as truth Aristotle suggests always makes more intuitive and intellectual sense compared to falsehood, and so equally talented rhetoricians will be more convincing sharing the truth than sharing falsehood. However, critics have pointed out that there is so "tension between Aristotle's epistemological optimism and his attempt to come to terms with rhetoric as a culturally and contextually specific social institution rhetoric [is] something separate from and inferior to scientific and ethical deliberation. However, such an…. Bibliography Abizadeh, Arash. Rhys Roberts. From this point-of-view, the role of the constitution was to provide equal conditions for everybody.
The community was meant to be made of free people. The rules were supposed to follow the principle of justice, punishing those who would try to behave in an unjust manner Aristotle's Political Theory, In addition, he believed that the constitution was meant to serve the best interest of everybody and not just the rulers. This is an important strong point of the city-state concept since it puts the basis for a democratic approach. A point which may be on the other hand considered weak refers to the conception according to which people living within the community would be willing to act in manner which would bring mutual benefits. In the philosophers' view, the fact of living within the community acted strongly upon the nature of man Introduction to Aristotle.
Reality has showed that the…. Bibliography: Aristotle, Benjamin Jowett. Politics by Aristotle. IndoEuropean Publishing. com Aristotle's Political Theory. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Retrieved November 30, from. As any successful marketing campaign, this needs to have the appropriate communication instruments and the most important of these would be the right channels: your own bosses, other employees some who have no problem in recognizing the employee's qualities or friends. Friends would hereby be included in the first category of Aristotle's friendships, the friendship of utility: one develops friendships with fellow colleagues in order to ensure that these friends develop and, more importantly, communicate, a positive image of the individual in the organization.
Part from this, one can also have a friendship of pleasure in the workplace. Team building actions or simple after work meetings for a Happy Hour could be such an example. However, there is a significant problem with both this category of friendship, following Aristotle's scheme, and with that of the friendship of the characters, the most profound form: the relationship with the office is too…. Nicomachean Ethics, trans. Irwin, Introduction. Hackett Publishing Company Indianapolis: Ziniewicz, Gordon L. Last retrieved on October 5, 3. Smith Pangle, Lorraine. Aristotle and the Philosophy of Friendship. Cambridge University Press Aristotle vs. Mill The Greek philosopher Aristotle and John Stuart Mill agreed that the objective of morality was the pursuit of general happiness and the good life in society and in the individual.
ut they deviated in the concept of, and the manner of arriving at, "the right thing to do," especially in reference to friendships. Mill held that actions are right in the proportion that they tend to promote that happiness and wrong, as they tend to promote unhappiness. This type directly opposes the virtue-based morality propounded by Aristotle, who believed that happiness as the ultimate end of existence that is sought for itself and not for any other end. Aristotle contended that friendship is the greatest external…. Fieser, James. Moral Philosophy Through the Ages. htm 2. Irwin, Terence, trans. Second edition, UK: Hackett Publishing, And reason is achieved when we are able to find the balance between two things, which are often the extreme ends of the spectrum.
We can infer that good is something created by men. It is the product of reason. If Aristotle places that much responsibility to the faculty of reason, St. Augustine place that weight in God's hands as he maintained that the only way for men to be good, for men to be happy is through the grace of God. Good, then, cannot come from men but from God's grace. The Evil St. Augustine's denial of the very existence of evil it cannot be a substance even dismissing it as simply an illusion of some sort, is a bit of a problem for me. Again, here we can find the utility of Aristotle's pragmatic view on things. If you hurt a person for example, can we not consider…. References Ferguson. If God is all powerful and good, where does evil come from?
onKemerling, G. Aristotle: Ethics and Virtues. onMarch 3, Kraut, R. Aristotle's Ethics. Retrieved at. The material cause refers to that substance out of which a thing is constructed. The formal cause is the idea of the thing in the mind of the creator who sets about creating that particular thing. The efficient cause is the Agent - or the being that creates the thing. The final cause is the purpose for which the thing has been created. Mere potentiality does not exist on its own, but enters into the creation of all things - except for the Supreme Cause. Mere potentiality thus stands at one pole of reality, while the Supreme Cause - or God - is at the other. oth of these entities are real. Materia prima contains the most attenuated reality, as it is pure indeterminateness.
God, on the other hand, contains the highest, most complete reality, as God is on the highest level of determinateness. One of the central tasks of…. Bibliography Adler, Mortimer. Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy. New York: Touchstone Books, How we employ words, in what context, and with what relative level of effectiveness is determined by all of these factors and more. hetoric is, however effectively argued over, a tool to be used within verbal discourse with the intent to convince others of a particular point-of-view. Political speech is perhaps the most obvious form of rhetoric we experience, but it is also employed in attempts to sell us things, to get others to go on dates, to win jobs and promotions, and to teach our children lessons on how to live life.
hetoric's power is in its ability to convince - to win over people to a particular "side,"…. New York: Courier Dover, Erickson, Keith. Aristotle: The Classical Heritage of Rhetoric. New York: Scarecrow Press, McKendrick, Paul. The Speeches of Cicero. New York: Duckworth, Steel, Catherine. Cicero, Rhetoric and Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, AISTOTLE'S HETOIC In explaining Aristotle's hetoric, the following paper will first begin with a brief on the definition of hetorician as defined by Aristotle. According to his definition, a rhetorician is an individual with the certain ability to 'see the persuasive element'. Topics VI.
Thus, rhetoric is that ability which sees the possible persuasive element in every given case. Accepting his art of rhetoric's ability to be misused, he even proposes certain factors that can be used to overturn the misuse of rhetoric's, for example rhetoric is true for all goods, except for virtue, that it is better used in convincing the just and the good as compared to the unjust and wrong arguments, and that the…. References Herrick, J. The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction. Specifically, in his condoning the institution of human slavery Politics, I. The Concept of State Constitutions Aristotle argues that the ideal set of values of society as represented in the state constitution are those that are the product of a hybrid between the rule of the few over the many and the rule of many Politics, I.
More specifically, Aristotle criticized Oligarchies and strict Democracies as deviant political systems because in his conception, they entailed exclusive rule by the wealthy over the poor or vice-versa, respectively Politics, III. Conversely, Polity provides a just political system whereby a mix of all social classes contributes to the principles of the state constitution Politics, IV. According to Aristotle,…. We do not seek honor because it is valuable in itself, we seek honor to make us feel good, to achieve happiness. Aristotle believed that a true, ultimate must be sought for its own sake, that the end goal be self-sufficient and final.
For Aristotle, the good life is the "life of contemplation. It is not done in order to achieve something else. Thus, it is a true, ultimate end. Furthermore, contemplation, being an activity of the mind, is self-sufficient, meaning it does not require other people or places for its existence. Contemplation, the activity of the intellect, is the highest form of activity because it corresponds to the best part of the soul, the rational part. The rational part of the soul is superior to the irrational part. The rational part of the soul There are two…. Bibliography Smith, J.
Pennsylvania State University. Therefore it is fair to conclude we live in an immoral time. People's good character suffers from an inability to see right from wrong. Instead of the issue being that of black or white; an eye for eye; it has become far too gray. There is too room open for interpretation. This type of thinking makes for immoral acts on both sides of the argument. Conclusion This paper examined capital punishment as a moral issue and argue the opinion that it is an immoral practice. In order to do this, this paper employed Aristotle's ethical system and explore his notion of values. This paper carefully identified and explained the premises that lead to this argument, To do this effectively, one must also look at the flipside of the issue and create a possible counter argument.
This counter argument established that capital punishment is indeed a moral practice and acceptable consequence…. Works Cited Aristotle's Ethics. Aristotle v. Plato Compare and contrast the metaphysical position of Aristotle and Plato. Does Aristotle's work constitute a sharp break with the position laid down by his teacher? Or is the old saying true that he apple does not fall far from the tree? Although their positions are often elided, the focus of Aristotle and Plato's metaphysical emphases is quite different. Ironically, given that one of his most famous works is called the "Metaphysics," Aristotle is far more interested in the material world than his teacher.
Aristotle is much more concerned than Plato with the actual political and social world around him. An additional irony is that Plato is the author of the "Republic," a word used to refer to an actual, political society, not a metaphysical truth about the cosmos. Plato's "Republic," however, is an ideal society, whereby Aristotle attempts to study and critique the real, rather than to…. Aristotle on Incontinence Greek Philosophy Incontinence is a term which is used by Philosophers. Aristotle was known as an extremely famous person who is well known worldwide.
Born in B. We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle was born in B. in Stagira, a small town on the northern coast of Greece. He was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist who is still considered one of the greatest thinkers to date. Aristotle B. The story is formed through the incidents which serve as the raw material and the way in which these events are structured into a rational…. He explains that there must be one end of all human actions, because a human action is one which is done on purpose and as an end…. I'm Peter! Would you like to get a custom essay? How about receiving a customized one?
Plato and Aristotle View of Eudaimonia In this essay I will discuss between the meaning of Eudaimonia happiness between Plato and Aristotle. Aristotle, Happiness, Plato. Plato and Aristotle: How Do They Differ? Aristotle, Plato, Society.
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